The chart above shows the per capita annualized nominal gross domestic product (GDP) in each EU state as of the fourth quarter of 2020 in euros, the change from the previous quarter, and the GDP one year prior. Six states saw a contraction over the previous quarter.
Findings
- The difference between the state with the largest per capita GDP, Luxembourg, and the state with the smallest, Bulgaria, is €123,251.63 (up from €119,691.22 last quarter and up from €117,655.83 last year). Luxembourg and Bulgaria had the largest and smallest per capita GDP respectively both last quarter and last year.
- Luxembourg has 15.55 times the per capita GDP that Bulgaria does. The ratio of largest per capita GDP to smallest per capita GDP was down from 15.63 last quarter and up from 14.85 last year.
- The median per capita GDP in the 28 EU states is €25,046.00 (up from €24,869.93 last quarter and down from €26,916.19 last year) and the mean €33,482.41 (up from €33,181.02 the previous quarter and down from €34,087.65 last year).
- Of the 28 states, 22 saw a rise in per capita GDP in current euros from the previous quarter while six saw a contraction.
- Of the 28 states, four saw a rise in per capita GDP in current euros from last year while 24 saw a contraction.
Caveats
- GDP data is from the fourth quarter of 2019, the third quarter of 2020, and the fourth quarter of 2020.
- Census data is from 2011.
- The data is seasonally adjusted in current euros.
- The data is annualized by multiplying the quarterly figure by four.
- All figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth.
Details
In absolute terms, Austria had the worst performance over the previous quarter with a drop of €1,171.08. Luxembourg had the best performance with a gain of €3,852.76. Year over year, the United Kingdom had the worst performance with a drop of €2,963.70 while Luxembourg had the best performance with a gain of €5,571.27.
In relative terms, Austria had the worst performance over the previous quarter with a 2.53% drop in per capita GDP while Romania had the best performance with a 7.16% gain in per capita GDP. Year over year, Greece had the worst performance with a 8.63% drop in per capita GDP while Luxembourg had the best performance with a 4.42% gain in per capita GDP.
The number of states with a per capita GDP of over €40,000 was ten last year, nine the previous quarter, and nine this past quarter. Conversely, the number of states with a per capita GDP of less than €20,000 was nine last year, ten the previous quarter, and ten this past quarter.
Germany (went from 9th highest per capita GDP to 8th highest), Estonia (18th to 17th), and Hungary (25th to 24th) rose one spot over the previous quarter. On the flip side, Belgium (from 8th to 9th), Czechia (from 17th to 18th), and Poland (from 24th to 25th) fell one spot. Year over year, Germany (9th to 8th), Cyprus (15th to 14th), and Estonia (18th to 17th) rose one spot. Conversely, Belgium (8th to 9th), Spain (14th to 15th), and Czechia (17th to 18th) fell one spot.
Data
| State | Fourth Quarter 2019 | Third Quarter 2020 | Fourth Quarter 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 47,529.53 | 46,308.54 | 45,137.46 |
| Belgium | 43,903.27 | 41,873.93 | 42,147.37 |
| Bulgaria | 8,495.31 | 8,178.43 | 8,470.78 |
| Croatia | 12,735.9 | 11,302.29 | 11,747.43 |
| Cyprus | 26,761.27 | 24,989.79 | 25,232.72 |
| Czechia | 21,768.19 | 20,623.13 | 20,728.02 |
| Denmark | 56,846.6 | 56,004.61 | 56,444.2 |
| Estonia | 21,497.53 | 20,556.53 | 21,016.2 |
| Finland | 44,869.14 | 44,394.37 | 44,449.44 |
| France | 37,534.75 | 36,534.42 | 36,199.73 |
| Germany | 43,496.01 | 41,825.25 | 42,224.09 |
| Greece | 16,225.91 | 14,653.66 | 14,825.73 |
| Hungary | 14,731.67 | 13,590.04 | 13,923 |
| Ireland | 80,785.83 | 83,195.52 | 82,325.22 |
| Italy | 30,154.34 | 28,939.12 | 28,615.41 |
| Latvia | 14,739.96 | 14,278.96 | 14,526.72 |
| Lithuania | 16,295.29 | 16,016.7 | 16,247.46 |
| Luxembourg | 126,151.14 | 127,869.65 | 131,722.41 |
| Malta | 33,655.83 | 31,162.27 | 32,030.73 |
| Netherlands | 49,398.82 | 48,809.16 | 48,813.17 |
| Poland | 14,314.46 | 14,014.87 | 13,856.89 |
| Portugal | 20,492.09 | 19,518.99 | 19,612.93 |
| Romania | 11,300.51 | 10,625.33 | 11,386.53 |
| Slovakia | 17,703.21 | 17,448.26 | 17,629.55 |
| Slovenia | 24,108.8 | 23,021.29 | 22,830.68 |
| Spain | 27,071.11 | 24,750.07 | 24,859.27 |
| Sweden | 50,641.4 | 50,702.44 | 52,221.71 |
| United Kingdom | 41,246.24 | 37,881.05 | 38,282.54 |
Sources
Eurostat. 2021. "GDP and Main Components." Accessed March 31, 2021. https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-406779_QID_-2BC5CE0A_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;UNIT,L,Z,0;S_ADJ,L,Z,1;NA_ITEM,L,Z,2;INDICATORS,C,Z,3;&zSelection=DS-406779UNIT,CP_MEUR;DS-406779INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-406779NA_ITEM,B1GQ;DS-406779S_ADJ,SCA;&rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=NA-ITEM_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=S-ADJ_1_2_-1_2&rankName5=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName6=GEO_1_2_0_1&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=NONE&time_most_recent=false&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23.
Eurostat. 2017. "Population on 1 January by Age Groups and Sex - Functional Urban Areas." Accessed December 11, 2017. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en.
Federal Reserve. 2021. "Foreign Exchange Rates." Accessed March 31, 2021. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5/.
Office for National Statistics. 2021. "Gross Domestic Product at market prices: Current price: Seasonally adjusted £m - Office for National Statistics." Accessed March 31, 2021. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/ybha/ukea.